Publications

(In order from most recent to historical)

Szlachcic, Y., Adkins, R.H., Govindarajan, S., Cao, Y., & Krause, J.S. (2014). Cardiometabolic changes and disparities among persons with spinal cord injury: A 17-year cohort study. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 20(2),96-104. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Edles, P.A. (2014). Injury perceptions, hope for recovery, and psychological status after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology. 59(2),176-182. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Krause, J.S., Carpenter, M.J., & Saladin, M. (2014). Risk behaviors related to cigarette smoking among persons with spinal cord injury. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 16(2),224-230. Abstract

Hartoonian, N., Hoffman, J.M., Kalpakjian, C.Z., Taylor, H.B., Krause, J.S., & Bombardier, C.H. (2014). Evaluating a spinal cord injury-specific model of depression and quality of life. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95(3),455-456. Abstract

Park, S., Nozaki, K., Smith, J.A., Krause, J.S., & Banik, N.L. (2014). Cross-talk between IGF-1 and estrogen receptors  attenuates intracellular changes in ventral spinal cord 4.1 motoneuron  cells due to interferon-gamma exposure. Journal of Neurochemistry. 128,904-918. Abstract

Mahmoudi, E., Meade, M.A., Forchheimer, M.B., Fyffe, D.C., Krause, J.S., & Tate, D. (2014). Longitudinal Analysis of Hospitalization After Spinal Cord Injury: Variation Based on Race and Ethnicity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95(11),2158-2166. Abstract

DiPiro, N.D., Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., Brotherton, S., & Kraft, S. (2014). Pain and  fatigue as mediators of the relationship between mobility aid usage and depressive symptomatology in ambulatory individuals with SCI. Spinal Cord. 52(4),316-321. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., DiPiro, N.D., Newman, S., Banik, N.L., & Park, S. (2014). Allostatic load and spinal cord injury: Review of existing research and preliminary data. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 20(2),137-146. Abstract

Cao, Y., DiPiro, N.D., Xi, J., & Krause, J.S. (2014). Unmet Expectations of Adjustment and Depressive Symptoms Among People With Chronic Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Rehabilitation Psychology. 59(3),313-320. Abstract

Cao, Y., Massaro, J.F., Krause, J.S.,Chen, Y., & DeVivo, M.J. (2014). Suicide Mortality after Spinal Cord Injury in the United States: Injury Cohorts Analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95. 230-5. Abstract

Cao, Y., Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., & Bingham, W. (2014). Household Income and Subjective Well-being after Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Study. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 20. 40-7. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., DiPiro, N., Krause, J.S., Brotherton, S., & Kraft, S.  (2013). Risk of fall related injuries among ambulatory participants with spinal cord injury. Topics of ), Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 19(4). 259-266. Abstract

Selassie, A., Snipe, L., & Focht, K. (2013). Baseline prevalence of heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in persons with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: Potential threats in the recovery trajectory. Topics of Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 19(3). 172-182. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Krause, J.S., DiPiro, N., Kraft, S., & Brotherton, S. (2013). Ambulation and complications related to assistive devices after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Saunders, L.L. (2013). Utilizing research to determine life expectancy. Journal of Life Care Planning. 13. 51-59. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Krause, J.S., DiPiro, N., Kraft, S., & Brotherton, S. (2013). Ambulation and complications related to assistive devices after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. Abstract

Smith, J.A., Park, S., Krause, J.S., Banik, N.L. (2013) Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the telomeric complex as therapeutic targets in acute neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int. 62(5, 764-775. Abstract

Cao, Y., Krause, J.S., & DiPiro, N. (2012). Risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury in the USA. Spinal Cord, 51, 413-418. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., DiPiro, N.D., & Reed, K.S. (2012). Theoretical Risk and Prevention Model for Secondary Health Conditions and Mortality After SCI: 15 Years of Research. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 19(1), 15-24. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Cao, Y., & Bozard, J.L. (2012). Changes in Hospitalization, Physician Visits, and Self-Reported Fitness After Spinal Cord Injury: A Cross-Sequential Analysis of Age, Years Since Injury, and Age at Injury Onset. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(1), 32-37. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Gregory-Bass, R., & Krause, J.S. (2013). Gender, Race, Pain, and Subjective Well-being of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 24(3), 1257-1265. Abstract

Selassie, A.,Varma, A., Saunders, L.L., & Welldaregay, W. (2013). Determinants of in-hospital death after acute spinal cord injury: a population-based study. Spinal Cord. 51.48-54. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Ekoja, E., Whitlock, C., DiPiro, N.D., Gregory-Bass, R., & Krause, J.S. (2013). A comparison of health behaviors between African Americans with spinal cord injury and those in the general population. NeuroRehabilitation. 33(3), 449-456. Abstract

Selassie, A., Cao, Y., Church, C., Saunders, L.L., & Krause, J.S. (2013). Accelerated death rate in population-based cohort of persons with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation.29(3), E8-E19. Abstract

Cao, Y., & Selassie, A.W., & Krause, J.S. (2013). Risk of Death After Hospital Discharge with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Population-Based Analysis, 1998-2009. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(6), 1054-1061. Abstract

Brotherton, S.,Saunders, L.L., Krause, J.S., & Morrisette, D. (2012) Association between reliance on devices and people for walking and ability to walk community distances among individuals with spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 35(3), 156-161. Abstract

Groah, S. L., Charlifue, S., Tate, D., Jensen, M. P., Molton, I. R., Forchheimer, M., Krause, J.S., Lammertse, D.P., & Campbell, M. (2012). Spinal cord injury and aging: Challenges and recommendations for future research. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(1), 80-93. Abstract

Cao, Y., Hwang, S-S., & Xi, J. (2012). Project-induced displacement, secondary stressors, and health. Social Science and Medicine, 74 (7), 1130-1138. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Saunders, L.L. (2012). Do risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury p-arallel those from the general United States population?, expanded abstract, Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 18(2), 113-117. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., & Zhai, Y. (2012). Stability of predictors of mortality after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 50(4), 281-284. Abstract

Jensen, M.P., Molton, I.R.,Groah, S.L., Campbell, M., Charlifue, S., Chiodo, A., Forchheimer, M., Krause, J.S., & Tate, D. (2012). Secondary health conditions in individuals aging with SCI:  Terminology, concepts and analytic approaches. Spinal Cord, 50(5), 373-378. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Krause, J.S., & Focht, K.L. (2012). A longitudinal study of depression after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 50(1), 72-77. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Saunders, L.L. (2012). Socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors for mortality: Do risk factors observed after spinal cord injury parallel those from the general USA population?. Spinal Cord, 50, 609-613. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Bozard, J.L. (2012). Natural course of life changes after spinal cord injury: A 35-year longitudinal study. Spinal Cord, 50, 227-231. Abstract

Brown, S., Saunders, L.L., & Krause, J.S. (2012). Racial disparities in depression and life satisfaction after spinal cord injury: A mediational model.  Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 18(3), 232-240. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., Krause, J.S., & Acuna, J. (2012). Association of race, socioeconomic status, and health care access with pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury.  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,93(6), 972-977. Abstract

Saunders, L.L., & Krause, J.S. (2012). Behavioral factors related to fatigue among persons with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(2), 313-318. Abstract

Westerkam, D., Saunders, L.L., & Krause, J.S. (2011) Association of spasticity and life satisfaction after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord,49(9),990-994. Abstract

Groah, S.L., Charlifue, S., Tate, D., Jensen, M.P., Molton, I.R., Forchheimer, M., Krause, J.S., Lammertse, D.P., & Campbell, M. (2012). Spinal cord injury and aging: Challenges and recommendations for future research. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,91(1), 80-93. Abstract

Kohout, R., Saunders, L.L., & Krause, J.S. (2011). The relationship between prescription medication use and ability to ambulate distances after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,92(8),1246-1249. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., Bombardier, C., & Kalpakjian, C.Z. (2011). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: A study of participants from the SCI Model Systems. PM&R,3(6),533-540. Abstract

Hoffman, J. M.., Bombardier, C. H., Graves, D. E., Kalpakjian.C. Z., & Krause, J. S. (2011). A longitudinal study of depression from one to five years after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92, 411-414. Abstract

Krause, J. S. (2010). Risk for subsequent injuries after spinal cord injury: A 10-year longitudinal study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(11), 1741-1746. Abstract

Saunders, L. L., & Krause, J. S. (2010). Psychological factors affecting alcohol use after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 49(5),637-642. Abstract

Saunders, L. L., & Krause, J. S. (2010). Personality and behavioral predictors of pressure ulcer history. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 16(2), 61-71. Abstract

Saunders, L. L., Krause, J. S., & Selassie, A. W. (2010). Association of health services with secondary conditions: Use of a population-based cohort of persons with spinal cord injury in South Carolina. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 16(2), 30-39. Abstract

Saunders, L. L., Krause, J. S., Peters, B., & Reed, K. S. (2010). The relationship of pressure ulcers, race, and socioeconomic conditions after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 33(4), 387-395. Abstract

Krause, J. S., DeVivo, M. D., Saunders, L., Reed, K. S., & Johnson, E. (2010). Risk and protective factors for mortality after spinal cord injury. Future Neurology, 5(5), 757-764. Abstract

Krause, J. S., & Saunders, L. L. (2010).Risk of mortality and life expectancy after spinal cord injury: The role of health behaviors and participation. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 16(2), 53-60. Abstract

Krause, J. S., & Saunders, L. L. (2010). Risk and protective factors for secondary conditions: A 15-year longitudinal study. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 16(2), 22-29. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Saunders, L. L., Adkins, R., & Selassie, A. W. (2010). Coordinated program of research: Theoretical risk model, literature, and shared methodology. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 16(2), 10-21. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Saunders, L.L, Wise, H., & Backus, D. (2010). Center for the prevention of secondary conditions after spinal cord injury: Background and overview of coordinated activities. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 16(2), 1-9. Abstract

Krause, J. S., & Saunders, L. L. (2010). Life expectancy estimates in the life care plan: Accounting for economic factors. Journal of Life Care Planning, 9, 15-28. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Saunders, L. L., & Newman, S. (2010). Posttraumatic stress disorder and spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 1182-1187. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Reed, K. S., & McArdle, J. J. (2010). Factor structure and predictive validity of somatic and non-somatic symptoms from the PHQ-9: A longitudinal study after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 1218-1224. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Reed, K.S., & McArdle, J.J. (2010). A structural analysis of health outcomes after spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 33(1): 22-32. Abstract

Krause, J.S. (2010). Aging, life satisfaction, and self-reported problems among participants with spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 15, 34-40. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Reed, K.S., & McArdle, J.J.(2010) Prediction of somatic and non-somatic depressive symptoms between inpatient rehabilitation and follow-up. Spinal Cord, 48, 239-244. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Saunders, L.L., Reed, K.S., Coker, J.L., Zhai, Y, & Johnson, E. (2009). Comparison of the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire for self-reported depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54, 440-448. Abstract

Kalpakjian, C.Z., Toussaint, L.L., Albright, K.J., Bombardier, C.H.,Krause, J.S., & Tate, D.G. (2009). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in spinal cord injury: An examination of factor structure as related to gender. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32, 147-156. Abstract

Saladin, L.K., & Krause, J.S. (2009). Pressure ulcer prevalence and barriers to treatment after spinal cord injury: Comparisons of 4 groups based on race-ethnicity. NeuroRehabilitation, 24(1), 57-66. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Reed, K.S. (2009). Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: Measurement of underlying dimensions. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54, 343-350. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Zhai, Y., Saunders, L.L., & Carter, R.E. (2009). Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: An 8-year prospective study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(10), 1708-1715. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Saunders, L.L. (2009). Risk of hospitalizations after spinal cord injury: Relationship with biographic, injury, educational, and behavioral factors. Spinal Cord, 47, 692-697. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Carter, R.E. (2009). Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: Relationship with social support, education, and income. Spinal Cord, 47, 592-596. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Carter, R.E., & Brotherton, S. (2009). Association of mode of locomotion and independence in locomotion with long-term outcomes after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32, 237-248. Abstract

Krause, J.S., & Reed, K.S. (2009). Obtaining employment after spinal cord injury: Relationship with pre- and post-injury education. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 53, 27-33. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Carter, R.E., Zhai, Y., & Reed, K.S. (2009). Psychologic factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90, 628-633. Abstract

Krause, J.S., McArdle, J.J., Pickelsimer, E., & Reed, K.S. (2009). A latent variable structural path model of health behaviors after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32, 162-174. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Saladin, L.K., & Adkins, R.H. (2009). Disparities in subjective well-being, participation and health after spinal cord injury: A 6-year longitudinal study. NeuroRehabilitation, 24(1), 47-56. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Carter, R.E., & Pickelsimer, E. (2009). Behavioral risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(1), 95-101. Abstract

Kalpakjian, C.Z., Toussaint, L.L., Albright, K.J., Bombardier, C.H., Krause, J.S., & Tate, D.G. (2009). The patient health questionnaire-9 in spinal cord injury: An examination of factor structure as related to gender. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 32, 147-156. Abstract

Saladin, L.K., & Krause, J.S. (2009). Pressure ulcer prevalence and barriers to treatment after spinal cord injury: Comparisons of 4 groups based on race-ethnicity. NeuroRehabilitation, 24(1), 57-66. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Bombardier, C., & Carter, R. (2008). Assessment of depressive symptoms during inpatient rehabilitation for spinal cord injury: Is there an underlying somatic factor when using the PHQ? Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(4), 513-520. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Carter, R. Pickelsimer, E., & Wilson, D. (2008). A prospective study of health and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89, 1482-1491. Abstract

Krause, J.S, Brotherton, S., Morrisette, D., Newman, S., & Karakostas T. (2007). Does pain interference mediate the relationship of independence in ambulation with depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury? Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(2), 162-169. Abstract

Brotherton, S.S., Krause, J.S., & Nietert, P.J. (2007). A pilot study of factors associated with falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 30 (3), 243-250. Abstract

Karakostas, T., Hsiang, S. M., Sarantopoulos, C., Krause, J. S. (2007). Dynamic loading performance of fasciocutaneous flaps and implications for gait. Clinical Biomechanics, 22 (4), 478-485. Abstract

Whiteneck, G., Forchheimer, M., & Krause, J.S. (2007). Quality of life and health in the last years after spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 12(3), 77-90. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Morrisette, D., Brotherton, S., Karakostas, T., & Apple, D. (2007). Pain interference in ambulatory spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 12(3), 91-96. Abstract not avaialble online. 

Krause, J.S. (2007). Self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: implications for rehabilitation practice. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 12(3):35-44. Abstract

Brotherton, S.S., Krause, J.S., & Nietert, P.J. (2006). Falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 45, 37-40. Abstract 

Krause, J.S., & Coker, J.L. (2006). Aging after spinal cord injury: A 30-year longitudinal study. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 29(4), 371-376. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Broderick, L.E., Saladin, L.K., & Broyles, J. (2006). Racial disparities in health outcomes after spinal cord injury: mediating effects of education and income. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 29(1), 17–25. Abstract

Krause, J.S., Broderick, L. (2005) A 25-year longitudinal study of the natural course of aging after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 43, 349-356. Abstract

Krause, J. S., DeVivo, M. J. & Jackson, A.B. (2004). Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1764-1773. Abstract

Krause, J. S. (2004) Factors associated with risk for subsequent injuries after the onset of traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(9), 1503 – 1508. Abstract

Krause, J. S. & Broderick, L. E. (2004). Patterns of recurrent pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury: Identification of risk and protective factors 5 or more years after onset. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(8), 1257-1264. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Broderick, L. E. & Broyles, J. (2004). Subjective well-being among African-Americans with spinal cord injury: an exploratory study between men and women. Neurorehabilitation, 19, 81-89. Abstract

Krause, J. S. & Broderick, L. E. (2004) Outcomes after spinal cord injury: Comparisons as a function of gender and race and ethnicity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 355-362. Abstract

Tate, D.G., Forchheimer, M., Krause, J.S., Meade, M.A., & Bombardier, C. H. (2004). Patterns of alcohol and substance use and abuse in persons with spinal cord injury: Risk factors and correlates. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1837-1847. Abstract

Bombardier, C.H., Richards, J.S., Krause, J.S., Tulsky, D., & Tate, D.G. (2004). Symptoms of major depression in people with spinal cord injury: Implications for screening. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1749-1756. Abstract

Bombardier, C., Richards, J.S., Krause, J.S., Tulsky, D., & Tate D.G. (2004). The frequency, phenomenology, and correlates of probable major depression one year after spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27(2), 196. Abstract not avaible online

Kemp, B.J., Kahan, J.S., Krause, J.S., Adkins, R.H. & Nava, G. (2004). Treatment of major depression in individuals with spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 27, 22-28. Abstract

Yeun, H. K., Burik, J. K. & Krause, J. S. (2004) Physical and psychosocial well-being among adults with spinal cord injury: The role of volunteer activities. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury, 9(4), 19-25. Abstract

Broderick, L. E. & Krause, J. S. (2003). Breast and gynecologic health-screening behaviors among 191 women with spinal cord injuries. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 26 (2), 145-9. Abstract

Thompson, N., Coker, J. L., Krause, J. S., & Henry, E. (2003). Purpose in life as a mediator of adjustment after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48, 100-108. Abstract

Krause, J.S. (2002). Accuracy of life expectancy estimates in life care plans: Consideration of non-biographical and non-injury factors. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 7(4), 59-68. Abstract

Harrell, T. W. & Krause, J. S. (2002) Personal assistance services in patients with SCI: Modeling an appropriate level of care in a life care plan. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 7, 38-48. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Vines, C. L., Farley, T., Sniezek, J., & Coker, J. L. (2001). An exploratory study of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury: Relationship to protective and risk behaviors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82, 107-113. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Kemp, B. J., & Coker, J. L. (2000). Depression after spinal cord injury: Relation to gender, ethnicity, aging, and socioeconomic indicators. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 1099-1109. Abstract

Krause, J. S., Coker, J. L., Charlifue, S., & Whiteneck, G. G. (2000). Health outcomes among American Indians with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 924-931. Abstract

Krause, J. S. (2000). Aging after spinal cord injury: An exploratory study. Spinal Cord, 38, 77-83. Abstract

Mona, L. R., Krause, J. S., Norris, F. H., Cameron, R. P., Kalichman, S. C., & Lesondak, L. M. (2000). Sexual expression following spinal cord injury. Neurorehabilitation,15, 121-131. Abstract

Kemp, B. J., Spungen, A. M., Adkins, R. H., Krause, J.S., & Bauman, W. A. (2000). The relationship between serum lipid values, adiposity, and depressive symptomatology in persons aging with spinal cord injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 23, 216-220. Abstract